Vision and Ophthalmology Surgical Procedures and Treatments 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Phacoemulsification cataract surgery removes the cataract using:
- Laser energy
- High-frequency ultrasonic vibration (Correct answer)
- Manual expression through a large incision
- Cryoextraction
Correct answer: High-frequency ultrasonic vibration
Phacoemulsification uses an ultrasonic probe to emulsify the cataract nucleus, allowing aspiration through a small (2–3 mm) incision.
Question 2: LASIK surgery corrects refractive error by:
- Placing an intraocular lens
- Reshaping the corneal stroma with an excimer laser (Correct answer)
- Tightening the sclera
- Adjusting the ciliary body tension
Correct answer: Reshaping the corneal stroma with an excimer laser
LASIK creates a corneal flap, then an excimer laser (193 nm UV) ablates the stromal bed to reshape the cornea and correct the refractive error.
Question 3: Which procedure uses laser energy to create a peripheral iridotomy for treatment of narrow-angle glaucoma?
- Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy
- Nd:YAG or argon laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) (Correct answer)
- Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT)
- Laser photocoagulation
Correct answer: Nd:YAG or argon laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI)
Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) creates a hole in the peripheral iris to equalize pressure between the anterior and posterior chambers, relieving pupillary block.
Question 4: Trabeculectomy treats glaucoma by:
- Replacing the trabecular meshwork
- Creating a fistula from the anterior chamber to a subconjunctival bleb (Correct answer)
- Cyclodestruction of the ciliary body
- Dilating the trabecular channels
Correct answer: Creating a fistula from the anterior chamber to a subconjunctival bleb
Trabeculectomy creates a guarded sclerostomy (partial-thickness flap) allowing aqueous humor to drain from the anterior chamber into a subconjunctival filtration bleb.
Question 5: Anti-VEGF intravitreal injections for wet AMD primarily work by:
- Sealing retinal breaks
- Inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor to suppress choroidal neovascularization (Correct answer)
- Dissolving subretinal fluid surgically
- Destroying new vessels with laser
Correct answer: Inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor to suppress choroidal neovascularization
Anti-VEGF agents (ranibizumab, aflibercept, bevacizumab) bind and neutralize VEGF-A, suppressing the CNV and reducing exudation in wet AMD.
Question 6: Pneumatic retinopexy uses which combination to treat selected retinal detachments?
- Silicone oil + scleral buckle
- Intravitreal gas bubble + cryotherapy or laser (Correct answer)
- Anti-VEGF injection + vitrectomy
- External drainage + photocoagulation
Correct answer: Intravitreal gas bubble + cryotherapy or laser
Pneumatic retinopexy involves injecting an expansile gas bubble intravitreally to tamponade the retinal break, combined with cryotherapy or laser to create a permanent chorioretinal adhesion.
Vision and Ophthalmology Surgical Procedures and Treatments 1
Phacoemulsification cataract surgery removes the cataract using: