Vision and Ophthalmology Pharmacology and Medications

Question 1

Timolol, a beta-blocker used to treat glaucoma, lowers IOP by:

Accepted Answer

Decreasing aqueous humor production by the ciliary body

Answer

Increasing trabecular outflow

Answer

Increasing uveoscleral outflow

Answer

Constricting the pupil

Question 2

Prostaglandin analogs (e.g., latanoprost) lower IOP primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Increasing uveoscleral and trabecular outflow

Answer

Reducing aqueous production

Answer

Constricting the pupil (miosis)

Answer

Blocking carbonic anhydrase

Question 3

Which class of glaucoma medication is contraindicated in patients with sulfonamide allergy?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Prostaglandin analogs

Answer

Alpha-2 agonists

Question 4

Tropicamide eye drops are used to dilate the pupil for fundus examination. What is their mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Anticholinergic (muscarinic antagonist)

Answer

Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

Answer

Beta-2 adrenergic agonist

Answer

Dopamine agonist

Question 5

Pilocarpine eye drops are used in acute angle-closure glaucoma. What is their mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Stimulate muscarinic receptors to cause miosis and open the drainage angle

Answer

Block beta receptors to reduce aqueous production

Answer

Inhibit carbonic anhydrase

Answer

Stimulate alpha-2 receptors

Question 6

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic eye drops (e.g., moxifloxacin) are commonly used to treat which ophthalmic condition?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis

Answer

Viral conjunctivitis

Answer

Allergic conjunctivitis

Answer

Fungal keratitis