ARDMS Echo Cardiac Measurements and Calculations

Question 1

What is the normal range for left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in adults?

Accepted Answer

4.2–5.9 cm

Answer

The normal LVEDD in adults is approximately 4.2–5.9 cm as measured by 2D-guided M-mode echocardiography.

Question 2

Which formula is used to calculate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) using the biplane method of disks?

Accepted Answer

Simpson's biplane method

Answer

Simpson's biplane method of disks (modified Simpson's rule) is the recommended 2D method for LVEF calculation.

Question 3

What does the E/e' ratio estimate in echocardiography?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricular filling pressures

Answer

The E/e' ratio (mitral inflow E velocity divided by tissue Doppler e' velocity) is used to estimate left ventricular filling pressures.

Question 4

Using the continuity equation, aortic valve area (AVA) is calculated as:

Accepted Answer

LVOT area × LVOT VTI / AV VTI

Answer

The continuity equation states AVA = (LVOT cross-sectional area × LVOT VTI) / AV VTI.

Question 5

What is the normal interventricular septal (IVS) thickness at end-diastole?

Accepted Answer

0.6–1.0 cm

Answer

Normal IVS thickness at end-diastole ranges from 0.6 to 1.0 cm; values ≥1.1 cm suggest hypertrophy.

ARDMS Echo - American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Echocardiography Practice Test