NYSTCE NYSTCE Biology (006) 5

Question 1

Which molecule serves as the primary energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the universal energy currency used to power cellular processes by releasing energy when hydrolyzed to ADP.

Question 2

The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele frequencies in a population remain constant if which condition is met?

Accepted Answer

Mating is random and no evolutionary forces are acting

Answer

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires random mating, large population size, no mutation, no gene flow, and no natural selection.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

Unrelated species independently evolve similar traits due to similar selective pressures

Answer

Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated organisms develop similar adaptations independently, such as wings in birds and insects.

Question 4

In the human immune system, which cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells (effector B cells)

Answer

Plasma cells are differentiated B lymphocytes that secrete large quantities of antigen-specific antibodies.

Question 5

A researcher finds a fossil of an organism with both reptilian and avian features. This type of fossil is best described as a:

Accepted Answer

Transitional fossil

Answer

Transitional fossils show intermediate features between ancestral and derived groups, supporting evolutionary relationships between taxa.

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