NCLEX Medical-Surgical: Endocrine Disorders 2

Question 1

A client with type 1 diabetes is found unresponsive with cool, clammy skin and shallow respirations. What should the nurse do first?

Accepted Answer

Administer IV dextrose 50% per protocol

Answer

An unresponsive hypoglycemic client cannot swallow safely, so IV dextrose (or IM glucagon) is the priority intervention.

Question 2

Which laboratory result best confirms long-term glycemic control over the previous 2 to 3 months?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin A1c

Answer

Hemoglobin A1c reflects average blood glucose over the lifespan of red blood cells, approximately 2 to 3 months.

Question 3

A nurse is teaching a client about Somogyi effect. Which statement indicates correct understanding?

Accepted Answer

"My morning high sugar may be a rebound from nighttime low blood sugar."

Answer

The Somogyi effect is morning hyperglycemia caused by a rebound from nocturnal hypoglycemia, often improved by reducing evening insulin or adding a snack.

Question 4

Which symptom is classically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Accepted Answer

Fruity (acetone) breath odor and Kussmaul respirations

Answer

DKA produces ketones causing a fruity breath odor and deep, rapid Kussmaul respirations as the body tries to blow off acid.

Question 5

A client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes asks about metformin. Which point should the nurse emphasize?

Accepted Answer

It must be held before contrast dye imaging procedures

Answer

Metformin is held before and after iodinated contrast studies because of the risk of contrast-induced renal impairment and lactic acidosis.

NCLEX Practice Test

NCLEX Practice Test

NCLEX Medical-Surgical: Endocrine Disorders 2