NCLEX-RN Practice Test 14

Question 1

A 23-year-old patient in the 27th week of pregnancy has been hospitalized on complete bed rest for 6 days. She experiences sudden shortness of breath, accompanied by chest pain. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of her symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary embolism due to deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Answer

A pregnant patient on complete bed rest for an extended period is at a significantly increased risk for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to venous stasis and the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy. Sudden shortness of breath and chest pain are classic symptoms of a pulmonary embolism (PE), which often arises when a DVT dislodges and travels to the lungs. This is a life-threatening emergency.

Question 2

A child is seen in the emergency department for scarlet fever. Which of the following descriptions of scarlet fever is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

Petechiae occur on the soft palate.

Answer

Scarlet fever is caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria and is characterized by a distinctive 'strawberry tongue' and a red, swollen pharynx. While a rash is prominent, petechiae (small, pinpoint hemorrhages) on the soft palate are not a characteristic or defining sign of scarlet fever. This symptom is more commonly associated with other conditions like infectious mononucleosis or viral infections.

Question 3

A physician has diagnosed acute gastritis in a clinic patient. Which of the following medications would be contraindicated for this patient?

Accepted Answer

Naproxen sodium (Naprosyn).

Answer

Acute gastritis involves inflammation of the stomach lining. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like naproxen sodium are known to irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa and can exacerbate or cause gastritis by inhibiting the production of protective prostaglandins. Therefore, NSAIDs are contraindicated in patients with acute gastritis to prevent further damage and worsening of symptoms.

Question 4

A toddler has recently been diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Which of the following information should the nurse provide to the parents? Note: More than one answer may be correct.

Accepted Answer

Regular developmental screening is important to avoid secondary developmental delays.

Answer

Cerebral palsy (CP) results from injury to the developing brain, primarily affecting motor function, but can also lead to ocular and speech difficulties. Regular developmental screening is crucial to identify and address any secondary developmental delays early. Additionally, parent support groups are highly beneficial for sharing strategies and managing the complex healthcare needs associated with CP. Developmental milestones are typically significantly delayed and require intervention, making option C incorrect.

Question 5

Which of the following conditions most commonly causes acute glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Prior infection with group A Streptococcus within the past 10-14 days

Answer

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is most commonly a post-infectious complication, specifically following an infection with nephritogenic strains of Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS), such as strep throat or impetigo. The immune response to the bacterial infection leads to the formation of antigen-antibody complexes that deposit in the glomeruli, causing inflammation and damage. This typically occurs about 1-3 weeks after the initial streptococcal infection.

NCLEX Practice Test

NCLEX Practice Test

NCLEX-RN Practice Test 14