NCLEX-PN Practice Exam 12

Question 1

A client develops tremors while withdrawing from alcohol. Which medication is routinely administered to lessen physiological effects of alcohol withdrawal?

Accepted Answer

Klonopin (clonazepam)

Answer

Benzodiazepines like clonazepam (Klonopin) are the first-line treatment for acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms, including tremors, anxiety, and seizures. They work by enhancing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which helps to calm the overactive central nervous system caused by alcohol cessation. This helps to prevent severe withdrawal complications and stabilize the client.

Question 2

A client with Type II diabetes has an order for regular insulin 10 units SC each morning. The client’s breakfast should be served within:

Accepted Answer

30 minutes

Answer

Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin that typically begins to lower blood glucose within 30 to 60 minutes after subcutaneous injection. To prevent hypoglycemia, it is crucial for the client to eat a meal within 30 minutes of administration. This timing ensures that food is available to counteract the insulin's peak action and manage post-meal glucose levels effectively.

Question 3

A 10-year-old has an order for Demerol (meperidine) 35 mg IM for pain. The medication is available as Demerol 50mg per ml. How much should the nurse administer?

Accepted Answer

0.7mL

Answer

To calculate the correct dosage, use the formula: (Desired Dose / Available Dose) x Volume. In this case, (35 mg / 50 mg) x 1 mL = 0.7 mL. Administering 0.7 mL ensures the client receives the prescribed 35 mg of Demerol.

Question 4

Which antibiotic is contraindicated for the treatment of infections in infants and young children?

Accepted Answer

Tetracyn (tetracycline)

Answer

Tetracycline antibiotics are contraindicated in children under 8 years old because they can cause permanent discoloration of developing teeth, leading to a yellow-gray-brown staining. They can also inhibit bone growth. This adverse effect is due to tetracycline's ability to chelate calcium in calcifying tissues.

Question 5

The chart of a client with schizophrenia states that the client has echolalia. The nurse can expect the client to:

Accepted Answer

Repeat words or phrases used by others

Answer

Echolalia is a common symptom in schizophrenia and other neurological disorders, characterized by the involuntary and senseless repetition of words or phrases spoken by another person. The client mimics speech without understanding or intent, reflecting a disturbance in thought and communication. It is distinct from rhyming, irrelevant details, or neologisms.

NCLEX Practice Test

NCLEX Practice Test

NCLEX-PN Practice Exam 12