NCLEX - National Council Licensure Examination NCLEX-RN 6

Question 1

A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a blood transfusion due to religious beliefs, despite the physician's recommendation. Which ethical principle is the nurse upholding by respecting the patient's decision?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Autonomy is the patient's right to make informed decisions about their own care, even when those decisions conflict with medical advice. Respecting a patient's refusal of treatment based on personal or religious beliefs is a direct application of this principle.

Question 2

When performing a head-to-toe assessment, in which order should the nurse typically assess the abdomen?

Accepted Answer

Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

Answer

Abdominal assessment follows a unique sequence: inspection first, then auscultation before percussion and palpation, because palpation and percussion can alter bowel sounds and give inaccurate auscultation findings if performed first.

Question 3

A nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient. The patient experiences no adverse effects. What is the nurse's most appropriate first action?

Accepted Answer

Notify the patient's physician and complete an incident report

Answer

Following a medication error, the priority is patient safety: the physician must be notified immediately so the patient can be assessed and treated if needed, and an incident report must be completed to support quality improvement and transparency.

Question 4

A client with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor most closely?

Accepted Answer

Serum potassium

Answer

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes significant potassium loss in urine, placing patients at risk for hypokalemia. Hypokalemia can lead to dangerous cardiac dysrhythmias, making serum potassium the priority electrolyte to monitor.

Question 5

Which therapeutic communication technique is MOST appropriate when a patient states, 'I'm afraid I might not survive this surgery'?

Accepted Answer

'Tell me more about what you're feeling.'

Answer

Encouraging the patient to elaborate ('Tell me more') is an open-ended response that validates the patient's feelings and promotes further expression. The other options offer false reassurance, minimize the patient's concern, or use non-therapeutic responses.

NCLEX Practice Test

NCLEX Practice Test

NCLEX - National Council Licensure Examination NCLEX-RN 6