NBRC Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care 2

Question 1

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) is most commonly caused by:

Accepted Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Answer

Parainfluenza virus (most commonly type 1) is the most frequent causative agent of croup, producing subglottic edema and the characteristic barking cough and stridor.

Question 2

Racemic epinephrine nebulization is used in croup primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Cause mucosal vasoconstriction and reduce subglottic edema

Answer

Racemic epinephrine stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the subglottic mucosa, causing vasoconstriction and reducing edema to relieve upper airway obstruction in croup.

Question 3

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) most commonly causes which lower respiratory illness in infants?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in infants, causing small airway inflammation, mucus plugging, air trapping, and wheezing.

Question 4

The primary treatment for mild-to-moderate RSV bronchiolitis in infants is:

Accepted Answer

Supportive care: hydration, nasal suctioning, supplemental O2 as needed

Answer

Evidence supports supportive care for bronchiolitis; corticosteroids, routine bronchodilators, and antibiotics are not recommended for typical RSV bronchiolitis.

Question 5

Epiglottitis in children presents with the classic triad of:

Accepted Answer

Drooling, dysphagia, and high fever with muffled voice

Answer

Epiglottitis classically presents with drooling, dysphagia, and a toxic-appearing child with a high fever and muffled (hot potato) voice due to supraglottic inflammation.

NBRC - National Board for Respiratory Care Practice Test

NBRC - National Board for Respiratory Care Practice Test

NBRC Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care 2