NBRC Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care 2

Question 1

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) is most commonly caused by:

Accepted Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Question 2

Racemic epinephrine nebulization is used in croup primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Cause mucosal vasoconstriction and reduce subglottic edema

Answer

Treat the underlying viral infection

Answer

Improve alveolar ventilation

Answer

Increase respiratory rate

Question 3

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) most commonly causes which lower respiratory illness in infants?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Lobar pneumonia

Answer

Empyema

Answer

Lung abscess

Question 4

The primary treatment for mild-to-moderate RSV bronchiolitis in infants is:

Accepted Answer

Supportive care: hydration, nasal suctioning, supplemental O2 as needed

Answer

Systemic corticosteroids

Answer

Routine antibiotics

Answer

Nebulized albuterol scheduled every 4 hours

Question 5

Epiglottitis in children presents with the classic triad of:

Accepted Answer

Drooling, dysphagia, and high fever with muffled voice

Answer

Barky cough, hoarseness, stridor

Answer

Wheezing, retractions, and tachypnea

Answer

Cyanosis, apnea, and bradycardia

Question 6

A normal respiratory rate for a 6-month-old infant is approximately:

Accepted Answer

30–60 breaths/min

Answer

12–20 breaths/min

Answer

20–30 breaths/min

Answer

60–80 breaths/min