NBRC Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Question 1

Which condition in premature infants results from surfactant deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Answer

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)

Answer

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

Answer

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Question 2

The primary treatment for neonatal RDS is:

Accepted Answer

Exogenous surfactant replacement therapy

Answer

Systemic corticosteroids after birth

Answer

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation immediately

Answer

Inhaled nitric oxide

Question 3

Normal SpO2 targets for premature neonates receiving supplemental oxygen to reduce retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) risk are:

Accepted Answer

91–95%

Answer

85–89%

Answer

96–99%

Answer

100%

Question 4

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is defined as oxygen dependency at:

Accepted Answer

28 days of life

Answer

7 days of life

Answer

3 months of corrected age

Answer

6 months of corrected age

Question 5

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is inhaled, causing airway obstruction and inflammation

Answer

Premature birth causes surfactant deficiency

Answer

Group B streptococcus causes neonatal pneumonia

Answer

Persistent pulmonary hypertension develops without meconium

Question 6

Neonatal nasal CPAP is most commonly used to treat which condition?

Accepted Answer

Neonatal RDS and apnea of prematurity

Answer

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Answer

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer

Pierre Robin sequence