MES Pathophysiology & Chronic Disease Management 2

Question 1

Which exercise response is considered abnormal in a client with coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

ST-segment depression ≥1 mm

Answer

ST-segment depression of 1 mm or more during exercise is a classic sign of myocardial ischemia in CAD patients.

Question 2

Osteoporosis is diagnosed using bone mineral density (BMD) when the T-score is at or below what value?

Accepted Answer

-2.5

Answer

A T-score of -2.5 or lower at the hip or spine defines osteoporosis according to WHO criteria.

Question 3

Which condition is characterized by excessive uric acid deposition in joints, causing acute inflammatory arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Gout

Answer

Gout results from hyperuricemia causing monosodium urate crystals to deposit in joints, triggering acute painful inflammation.

Question 4

A client with peripheral artery disease (PAD) reports calf pain that resolves with rest. This symptom is called:

Accepted Answer

Intermittent claudication

Answer

Intermittent claudication is exercise-induced ischemic pain in the lower extremities that reliably resolves with rest in PAD patients.

Question 5

Which hormonal change contributes most directly to increased visceral adiposity in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen

Answer

Declining estrogen at menopause shifts fat distribution from subcutaneous to visceral depots, increasing cardiometabolic risk.

MES - ACE Medical Exercise Specialist Practice Test