MES Pathophysiology & Chronic Disease Management 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which exercise response is considered abnormal in a client with coronary artery disease?
- Progressive increase in heart rate
- ST-segment depression ≥1 mm (Correct answer)
- Systolic blood pressure rise of 10 mmHg per MET
- Slight increase in diastolic pressure
Correct answer: ST-segment depression ≥1 mm
ST-segment depression of 1 mm or more during exercise is a classic sign of myocardial ischemia in CAD patients.
Question 2: Osteoporosis is diagnosed using bone mineral density (BMD) when the T-score is at or below what value?
- -1.0
- -1.5
- -2.0
- -2.5 (Correct answer)
Correct answer: -2.5
A T-score of -2.5 or lower at the hip or spine defines osteoporosis according to WHO criteria.
Question 3: Which condition is characterized by excessive uric acid deposition in joints, causing acute inflammatory arthritis?
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Osteoarthritis
- Gout (Correct answer)
- Fibromyalgia
Correct answer: Gout
Gout results from hyperuricemia causing monosodium urate crystals to deposit in joints, triggering acute painful inflammation.
Question 4: A client with peripheral artery disease (PAD) reports calf pain that resolves with rest. This symptom is called:
- Raynaud's phenomenon
- Intermittent claudication (Correct answer)
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Venous insufficiency
Correct answer: Intermittent claudication
Intermittent claudication is exercise-induced ischemic pain in the lower extremities that reliably resolves with rest in PAD patients.
Question 5: Which hormonal change contributes most directly to increased visceral adiposity in postmenopausal women?
- Increased estrogen
- Decreased estrogen (Correct answer)
- Increased progesterone
- Decreased cortisol
Correct answer: Decreased estrogen
Declining estrogen at menopause shifts fat distribution from subcutaneous to visceral depots, increasing cardiometabolic risk.
Question 6: Which nervous system complication of long-standing diabetes most affects exercise prescription for the feet?
- Autonomic neuropathy
- Retinopathy
- Peripheral neuropathy (Correct answer)
- Nephropathy
Correct answer: Peripheral neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy reduces sensation in the feet, requiring careful footwear checks and avoidance of high-impact activities to prevent injury.
MES Pathophysiology & Chronic Disease Management 2
Which exercise response is considered abnormal in a client with coronary artery disease?