LPN LPN: Pharmacological Therapies 4

Question 1

A patient taking phenytoin (Dilantin) for seizures should be taught to report which finding to the provider?

Accepted Answer

Gingival hyperplasia (gum overgrowth)

Answer

Gingival hyperplasia is a well-known side effect of phenytoin that requires regular dental care and should be reported to the provider.

Question 2

A patient is prescribed albuterol (ProAir) and fluticasone (Flovent) inhalers. In what order should they be administered?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol first, then fluticasone 5 minutes later

Answer

Albuterol (bronchodilator) is given first to open the airways, allowing the inhaled corticosteroid (fluticasone) to reach deeper into the lungs.

Question 3

A patient is ordered morphine 2-4 mg IV PRN for pain rated 7/10. The last dose was 3 hours ago. Which action is appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Administer 4 mg IV since the pain is severe

Answer

With a pain rating of 7/10 and a PRN order for 2-4 mg, administering the higher end of the range is appropriate for severe pain.

Question 4

Which laboratory value indicates that a patient's INR therapeutic goal is being met for atrial fibrillation management with warfarin?

Accepted Answer

INR 2.5

Answer

The therapeutic INR range for atrial fibrillation is 2.0–3.0, and an INR of 2.5 falls within this therapeutic window.

Question 5

A patient prescribed lithium for bipolar disorder should be taught to maintain adequate intake of which substance to prevent toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Answer

Sodium depletion causes the kidneys to reabsorb lithium instead of sodium, leading to lithium toxicity; adequate sodium intake is essential.

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