LPN Study Guide 2026

Auscultation is the medical term for listening to the internal sounds of the body, typically using a stethoscope. This technique is specifically employed by healthcare professionals to assess bowel sounds, as well as heart sounds, lung sounds, and blood flow. Percussion involves tapping, palpation involves touching, and a rectal examination is a different type of physical assessment.

Hypotension is a common and serious complication following epidural anesthesia, as it can cause vasodilation and a significant decrease in blood pressure. A blood pressure of 89/54 mmHg is dangerously low and can compromise uteroplacental perfusion, potentially harming the fetus. This finding requires immediate nursing intervention to restore adequate blood pressure.

When a patient cannot take oral medications due to dysphagia, alternative routes such as rectal suppository, IV, or transdermal delivery may be ordered depending on the medication.

Standard Precautions are based on the principle that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents. Hand hygiene is the single most important practice to reduce the transmission of infections in healthcare settings.

Acetaminophen is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic that works centrally and is first-line for mild to moderate pain without opioid side effects.

A pureed diet consists of foods that are blended to a smooth, pudding-like consistency. This texture is easier to swallow for clients with dysphagia and reduces the risk of food particles entering the airway (aspiration). Mechanical soft, regular, and full liquid diets contain textures that can be more difficult to manage.