LMHC Counseling Research and Program Evaluation 2

Question 1

In quantitative research, 'statistical significance' (p < .05) means:

Accepted Answer

There is less than a 5% probability that the results occurred by chance

Answer

Statistical significance (p < .05) means there is less than a 5% probability the results are due to chance — but does not indicate clinical or practical significance.

Question 2

Which qualitative research approach is most focused on understanding the lived experiences of individuals as they experience a specific phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Phenomenology

Answer

Phenomenology specifically aims to understand the subjective, lived experience of a phenomenon from the perspectives of those who have experienced it.

Question 3

A counselor reads a meta-analysis reporting an average effect size of d = 0.80 for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating depression. According to Cohen's (1988) conventions, this effect size is:

Accepted Answer

Large

Answer

Cohen's conventions for Cohen's d: small = 0.2, medium = 0.5, large = 0.8. A d of 0.80 indicates a large effect size.

Question 4

The concept of 'trustworthiness' in qualitative research is analogous to which concept in quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Validity and reliability

Answer

Lincoln and Guba proposed four trustworthiness criteria — credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability — as qualitative equivalents to validity and reliability.

Question 5

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) reviews research proposals primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Protect the rights and welfare of human research participants

Answer

IRBs were established by the National Research Act (1974) in response to research abuses (e.g., Tuskegee) to protect human participants' rights, safety, and welfare.

(LMHC) Licensed Mental Health Counselor Certification Practice Test

(LMHC) Licensed Mental Health Counselor Certification Practice Test

LMHC Counseling Research and Program Evaluation 2