IV Fluid & Electrolyte Balance 5

Question 1

A patient's serum magnesium is 0.7 mEq/L. Which finding would the nurse expect?

Accepted Answer

Muscle weakness and tremors

Answer

Hypomagnesemia (normal 1.5–2.5 mEq/L) causes neuromuscular excitability, manifesting as muscle weakness and tremors.

Question 2

When comparing isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solutions cause cells to swell

Answer

Hypotonic solutions have lower osmolality than intracellular fluid, so water moves into cells by osmosis, causing them to swell.

Question 3

A post-operative patient has a urine output of 20 mL/hour for 2 consecutive hours. What is the most appropriate first action?

Accepted Answer

Assess for bladder distension and catheter patency

Answer

Low urine output should prompt assessment of mechanical causes (kinked catheter, urinary retention) before concluding the patient is oliguric.

Question 4

Which laboratory value best reflects the body's acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

Arterial blood gas pH

Answer

Arterial blood gas pH directly measures hydrogen ion concentration and is the primary indicator of acid-base balance.

Question 5

A patient with chronic kidney disease is at greatest risk for which electrolyte imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Failing kidneys cannot excrete potassium adequately, leading to dangerous hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.

(IV) Intravenous Therapy Certified Practice Test