IV IV Therapy in Special Populations

Question 1

Which vein is preferred for peripheral IV access in neonates and infants when scalp veins are unavailable?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal hand or foot veins

Answer

Femoral vein

Answer

Antecubital fossa

Answer

Internal jugular vein

Question 2

Why is it critical to use microbore (low-volume) IV tubing when infusing medications to neonates?

Accepted Answer

To minimize dead-space volume and prevent large unintended drug boluses during flushes

Answer

To increase the infusion rate safely

Answer

To reduce the risk of air embolism

Answer

To comply with JCAHO standards only

Question 3

Which IV solution is generally avoided in premature neonates due to the risk of kernicterus?

Accepted Answer

IV solutions containing benzyl alcohol as a preservative

Answer

Normal saline with 5% dextrose

Answer

Lactated Ringer's solution

Answer

Potassium chloride-containing solutions

Question 4

In elderly patients, which factor most significantly increases the risk of IV therapy complications such as fluid overload?

Accepted Answer

Decreased cardiac and renal reserve

Answer

Increased total body water

Answer

Enhanced venous tone and vessel elasticity

Answer

Faster drug clearance rates

Question 5

A pediatric patient requires IV medication, and the prescribed dose is weight-based. After calculating the dose, what is the nurse's next critical step?

Accepted Answer

Verify the calculated dose with a second nurse and confirm it does not exceed the maximum single dose

Answer

Dilute the medication in the largest volume available to reduce concentration

Answer

Administer via rapid IV push to minimize pain

Answer

Round up to the nearest whole number for ease of preparation

Question 6

Which oncology patient receiving vesicant chemotherapy via peripheral IV requires the most vigilant site assessment?

Accepted Answer

A patient with a hand vein insertion 30 minutes before infusion start

Answer

A patient with a large forearm vein selected 6 hours ago

Answer

A patient with a freshly placed antecubital vein IV with confirmed blood return

Answer

A patient receiving vesicant via a centrally confirmed PICC line