Internal Medicine Exam Common Infectious Diseases 2

Question 1

A 28-year-old woman presents with dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain for 2 days. Urinalysis shows pyuria and bacteriuria. What is the most appropriate initial treatment?

Accepted Answer

Nitrofurantoin for 5 days

Answer

Nitrofurantoin for 5 days is first-line therapy for uncomplicated UTI in non-pregnant women due to efficacy and low resistance rates.

Question 2

Which organism is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in otherwise healthy adults under 60?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia across all age groups.

Question 3

A patient returns from a trip to sub-Saharan Africa with cyclic fevers, chills, and headache. Thick and thin blood smears are ordered. Which Plasmodium species causes the most severe and potentially fatal malaria?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodium falciparum

Answer

Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe malaria, with complications including cerebral malaria, severe anemia, and multi-organ failure.

Question 4

A 35-year-old male presents with painless genital ulcer and inguinal lymphadenopathy. VDRL is reactive. Which antibiotic is first-line treatment?

Accepted Answer

Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM

Answer

Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM single dose is the standard first-line treatment for primary and secondary syphilis.

Question 5

Which finding best distinguishes bacterial meningitis from viral meningitis on CSF analysis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose less than 45 mg/dL with high protein

Answer

Low CSF glucose (<45 mg/dL) combined with markedly elevated protein is characteristic of bacterial meningitis, reflecting bacterial consumption of glucose.

Internal Medicine Exam Practice Test

Internal Medicine Exam Practice Test

Internal Medicine Exam Common Infectious Diseases 2