CSCS Exercise Science & Anatomy 2

Question 1

Which muscle fiber type is characterized by high oxidative capacity, slow contraction speed, and fatigue resistance?

Accepted Answer

Type I fibers

Answer

Type I (slow-twitch) fibers have high mitochondrial density, rely on oxidative phosphorylation, and are highly fatigue-resistant, making them ideal for endurance activities.

Question 2

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction states that shortening occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Myosin cross-bridges pull actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere

Answer

During contraction, energized myosin cross-bridges attach to actin and pivot, pulling actin filaments toward the M-line (center of sarcomere), reducing sarcomere length without the filaments themselves shortening.

Question 3

What is the primary role of the Golgi tendon organ (GTO)?

Accepted Answer

Detect changes in muscle tension and inhibit excessive force

Answer

GTOs are mechanoreceptors in tendons that respond to increased muscle tension by sending inhibitory signals (via Ib afferents) to reduce motor neuron activation, protecting muscles and tendons from excessive force.

Question 4

During pressing movements like the bench press, which rotator cuff muscle is most at risk of impingement injury due to its passage under the acromion?

Accepted Answer

Supraspinatus

Answer

The supraspinatus passes under the acromion and is susceptible to impingement and rotator cuff tears during pressing movements, especially with improper scapular positioning.

Question 5

Which energy system predominantly fuels a 400-meter sprint lasting approximately 45-60 seconds?

Accepted Answer

Fast glycolysis (anaerobic glycolysis)

Answer

Activities lasting approximately 45-60 seconds rely predominantly on fast glycolysis (anaerobic glycolysis), which rapidly produces ATP from glucose without oxygen, resulting in lactate accumulation.

(CSCS) Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist Practice Test

(CSCS) Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist Practice Test

CSCS Exercise Science & Anatomy 2