CSCS Study Guide 2026

Success requires continuous learning, ethical practice, and focus on quality outcomes.

Pennation angle describes the orientation of muscle fibers relative to the line of pull of the tendon, affecting force production and range of motion.

Sled resistance should not reduce sprint velocity by more than ~10% so that the movement pattern remains mechanically similar to unresisted sprinting.

Plyometric intensity refers to the degree of stress placed on muscles and connective tissues, which is influenced by exercise type, height, and landing mechanics.

A wider grip shortens the horizontal distance the bar travels and reduces the elbow flexion angle, thereby decreasing the moment arm at the elbow and lessening the demand on the triceps.

Undulating (nonlinear) periodization varies rep ranges and intensities within a given week (daily undulating) or between weeks, allowing multiple training qualities to be developed simultaneously rather than sequentially.