CNA Basic Human Anatomy and Age-Related Changes 3

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) raises blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption, kidney reabsorption, and intestinal absorption of calcium.

Question 2

An age-related change in the integumentary system that increases fall risk is:

Accepted Answer

Decreased subcutaneous fat padding

Answer

Loss of subcutaneous fat with aging reduces padding over bony prominences and can impair balance and thermoregulation.

Question 3

The organ responsible for producing bile to aid in fat digestion is the:

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to emulsify fats.

Question 4

Which age-related change affects the respiratory system and reduces lung efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Decreased alveolar surface area

Answer

Aging reduces the number and surface area of functional alveoli, decreasing the area available for gas exchange.

Question 5

The mitral valve controls blood flow between the:

Accepted Answer

Left atrium and left ventricle

Answer

The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle and prevents backflow of blood.

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