CHBT Renal Physiology and Kidney Disease 2

Question 1

Which two diseases account for the majority of ESRD cases in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension

Answer

Diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephrosclerosis together cause over 60% of new ESRD cases in the US.

Question 2

What is uremia?

Accepted Answer

The syndrome caused by accumulation of uremic toxins when kidneys fail to adequately filter the blood

Answer

Uremia is the clinical syndrome resulting from the retention of nitrogenous and other waste products normally excreted by healthy kidneys.

Question 3

The kidneys play a critical role in vitamin D activation. Which form of vitamin D do the kidneys produce?

Accepted Answer

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)

Answer

The kidneys convert 25-hydroxyvitamin D to calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), the active form that regulates calcium absorption and bone metabolism.

Question 4

Secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD patients results primarily from:

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia triggering excess PTH secretion

Answer

Low calcium and high phosphate levels in CKD chronically stimulate the parathyroid glands, leading to hypertrophy and excess PTH secretion.

Question 5

Which mechanism does the kidney use to regulate systemic blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Answer

The kidney releases renin, triggering the RAAS cascade that ultimately increases angiotensin II and aldosterone to raise blood pressure and retain sodium.

CHBT - Certified Hemodialysis Bio-Medical Technician Practice Test

CHBT - Certified Hemodialysis Bio-Medical Technician Practice Test

CHBT Renal Physiology and Kidney Disease 2