CHBT Renal Physiology and Kidney Disease 2

Question 1

Which two diseases account for the majority of ESRD cases in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension

Answer

Glomerulonephritis and polycystic kidney disease

Answer

Lupus nephritis and IgA nephropathy

Answer

Obstructive uropathy and pyelonephritis

Question 2

What is uremia?

Accepted Answer

The syndrome caused by accumulation of uremic toxins when kidneys fail to adequately filter the blood

Answer

Increased urine output in early kidney disease

Answer

A urinary tract infection caused by urea-splitting bacteria

Answer

Elevated blood urea nitrogen from a high-protein diet alone

Question 3

The kidneys play a critical role in vitamin D activation. Which form of vitamin D do the kidneys produce?

Accepted Answer

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)

Answer

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)

Answer

Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)

Answer

25-hydroxyvitamin D

Question 4

Secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD patients results primarily from:

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia triggering excess PTH secretion

Answer

Parathyroid adenoma formation

Answer

Excess calcium supplementation

Answer

High vitamin D levels

Question 5

Which mechanism does the kidney use to regulate systemic blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Answer

Direct neural control of vascular smooth muscle

Answer

Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer

Renal prostaglandin inhibition only

Question 6

Residual renal function (RRF) in dialysis patients is important primarily because it:

Accepted Answer

Contributes to total solute clearance and fluid removal, improving outcomes

Answer

Eliminates the need for anticoagulation during treatment

Answer

Prevents access thrombosis

Answer

Reduces the risk of air embolism