Free CHBT Patient Safety and Quality Assurance Questions and Answers 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) differs from hemodialysis in which of the following ways?
- PD requires both vascular access and abdominal access
- PD cannot be done at home
- PD access is by an intra-abdominal catheter (Correct answer)
- Sterile dialysate is not required for PD
Correct answer: PD access is by an intra-abdominal catheter
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) utilizes the peritoneum, a membrane lining the abdominal cavity, as a natural filter. To access this cavity, a permanent catheter is surgically placed into the abdomen. This allows dialysate fluid to be introduced and drained, facilitating waste removal within the patient's own body.
Question 2: The most likely cause of post-renal failure is:
- severe dehydration.
- nephrotoxic drug.
- glomerulonephritis.
- benign prostatic hypertrophy. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Post-renal failure occurs when there is an obstruction in the urinary tract that prevents urine flow out of the kidneys. Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a common condition in older men where the prostate gland enlarges, compressing the urethra and blocking urine outflow, thus leading to post-renal acute kidney injury.
Question 3: The most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the United States is:
- diabetes. (Correct answer)
- hypertension.
- glomerulonephritis.
- polycystic kidney disease.
Correct answer: diabetes.
Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States, accounting for nearly half of all cases. High blood sugar levels over time damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter waste. This damage can progressively lead to kidney failure.
Question 4: Which of the following conditions is LEAST likely to be caused by uremia?
- Itching
- Edema (swelling) of the extremities
- Anemia
- Urinary tract infection (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Urinary tract infection
Uremia refers to the accumulation of waste products in the blood due to kidney failure. While uremia causes symptoms like itching, edema, and anemia, it does not directly cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are typically caused by bacterial invasion of the urinary tract, often unrelated to the systemic effects of uremia.
Question 5: All of the following conditions are associated with chronic kidney failure EXCEPT:
- low hemoglobin.
- hypoparathyroidism. (Correct answer)
- hyperkalemia.
- hyperphosphatemia.
Correct answer: hypoparathyroidism.
Chronic kidney failure often leads to hyperparathyroidism, not hypoparathyroidism. Damaged kidneys cannot properly activate Vitamin D, leading to low calcium levels, which in turn stimulates the parathyroid glands to overproduce parathyroid hormone (PTH) in an attempt to raise calcium. This condition is known as secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Question 6: What percentage of transplanted kidneys are functional 1 year after transplantation?
- 90% (Correct answer)
- 70%
- 50%
- 30%
Correct answer: 90%
Kidney transplantation has a high success rate, with approximately 90% of transplanted kidneys from deceased donors and an even higher percentage from living donors remaining functional one year post-transplantation. This high success rate makes transplantation a preferred treatment option for end-stage kidney disease.
Question 7: Which hemodialysis schedule is likely to be most efficient?
- In-center hemodialysis, 3-4 hours a session, 3 days a week
- Conventional home hemodialysis
- Short daily home hemodialysis, 2-3 hours a session, 5-7 days a week (Correct answer)
- Nocturnal home hemodialysis, 8 hours during sleep, 3 days a week
Correct answer: Short daily home hemodialysis, 2-3 hours a session, 5-7 days a week
Short daily home hemodialysis is generally considered the most efficient schedule because it mimics natural kidney function more closely by providing more frequent, shorter treatments. This leads to better clearance of toxins, improved fluid management, and often better patient outcomes and quality of life compared to less frequent schedules.
Free CHBT Patient Safety and Quality Assurance Questions and Answers 1
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) differs from hemodialysis in which of the following ways?