CHBT Renal Physiology and Kidney Disease

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary functional unit of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Nephron

Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Loop of Henle

Answer

Collecting duct

Question 2

What is the normal range for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

90–120 mL/min/1.73 m²

Answer

30–60 mL/min/1.73 m²

Answer

10–29 mL/min/1.73 m²

Answer

Less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m²

Question 3

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined by a GFR of less than:

Accepted Answer

15 mL/min/1.73 m²

Answer

30 mL/min/1.73 m²

Answer

60 mL/min/1.73 m²

Answer

90 mL/min/1.73 m²

Question 4

Which electrolyte imbalance is of greatest immediate concern in ESRD patients?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hypocalcemia

Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 5

What is the primary cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient production of erythropoietin by diseased kidneys

Answer

Iron overload

Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer

Chronic blood loss from dialysis access

Question 6

Which acid-base disturbance is most common in patients with ESRD?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Answer

Respiratory alkalosis