BHS Nutrition and Dietetics 5

Question 1

Which condition is characterized by iron-deficiency anemia, glossitis, and koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails)?

Accepted Answer

Microcytic hypochromic anemia from iron deficiency

Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia produces microcytic, hypochromic red cells and systemic signs like glossitis and koilonychia due to impaired heme and enzyme synthesis.

Question 2

Which dietary pattern has the strongest evidence for reducing cardiovascular disease risk and overall mortality in large prospective studies?

Accepted Answer

Mediterranean diet

Answer

The Mediterranean diet, rich in olive oil, vegetables, legumes, fish, and whole grains, consistently reduces cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in major trials including PREDIMED.

Question 3

A patient with phenylketonuria (PKU) must severely restrict intake of which amino acid to prevent neurological damage?

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine

Answer

PKU results from phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, causing toxic accumulation of phenylalanine and its metabolites if dietary intake is not restricted.

Question 4

Refeeding syndrome, a potentially fatal complication, is most associated with rapid reintroduction of nutrition in severely malnourished patients due to acute drops in which electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate

Answer

Carbohydrate refeeding stimulates insulin, driving phosphate into cells for ATP synthesis, causing profound hypophosphatemia (refeeding syndrome).

Question 5

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added sugars to no more than what percentage of total daily calories?

Accepted Answer

10%

Answer

The 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added sugars to less than 10% of total daily caloric intake.

BHS - Bachelor of Health Science Practice Test

BHS - Bachelor of Health Science Practice Test

BHS Nutrition and Dietetics 5