BHS Nutrition and Dietetics 4

Question 1

A 65-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease stage 3 should be counseled to restrict which nutrient to slow disease progression?

Accepted Answer

Dietary protein

Answer

Moderate protein restriction (0.6–0.8 g/kg/day) reduces glomerular hyperfiltration and slows CKD progression before dialysis.

Question 2

Which vitamin functions as a prohormone and regulates calcium absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin D (calcitriol, the active form) stimulates synthesis of calbindin in enterocytes, enhancing calcium absorption.

Question 3

The glycemic index (GI) of a food is measured relative to which reference food assigned a GI of 100?

Accepted Answer

White bread or glucose

Answer

GI is standardly measured relative to pure glucose (GI = 100), though some researchers use white bread as the reference.

Question 4

Homocysteine levels in the blood are lowered by adequate intake of which combination of vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins B6, B12, and folate

Answer

B6, B12, and folate are cofactors in the remethylation and transsulfuration pathways that clear homocysteine from the blood.

Question 5

Which type of dietary fiber has been most strongly associated with reducing LDL cholesterol by binding bile acids in the gut?

Accepted Answer

Soluble viscous fiber (e.g., beta-glucan, pectin)

Answer

Soluble viscous fibers like oat beta-glucan and pectin bind bile acids in the intestinal lumen, increasing fecal sterol excretion and lowering LDL.

BHS - Bachelor of Health Science Practice Test