BHK Sports Nutrition 2

Question 1

Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the gut and is often deficient in indoor athletes?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin D is synthesized from sunlight exposure and is critical for intestinal calcium absorption; indoor athletes often have insufficient levels.

Question 2

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is most directly caused by:

Accepted Answer

Low energy availability due to inadequate caloric intake relative to exercise energy expenditure

Answer

RED-S occurs when dietary energy intake is insufficient to cover both resting metabolic needs and exercise costs, disrupting multiple physiological systems.

Question 3

The primary role of beta-alanine supplementation in athletes is to:

Accepted Answer

Buffer intramuscular hydrogen ions by increasing carnosine levels

Answer

Beta-alanine raises intramuscular carnosine, which acts as a pH buffer, delaying acidosis and fatigue during high-intensity exercise lasting 1–4 minutes.

Question 4

Which macronutrient has the highest thermic effect of food (TEF), meaning it requires the most energy to digest?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Protein has a TEF of approximately 20–30%, meaning 20–30% of its calories are used in its own digestion, compared to 5–10% for carbohydrate and 0–3% for fat.

Question 5

Post-exercise carbohydrate-protein co-ingestion is recommended primarily because:

Accepted Answer

Protein amplifies insulin response and enhances glycogen resynthesis alongside carbohydrate

Answer

Adding protein to post-exercise carbohydrate intake enhances insulin secretion and provides amino acids for tissue repair while supporting glycogen replenishment.

BHK - Bachelor of Kinesiology Practice Test

BHK - Bachelor of Kinesiology Practice Test

BHK Sports Nutrition 2