BHK Cheat Sheet 2026

The 30 highest-yield BHK facts, distilled from real exam questions. Print it, save it as a PDF, or study it here — free, no sign-up.

1. Sodium is the primary electrolyte lost in sweat and is important during prolonged exercise because it: → Helps maintain plasma osmolality and stimulates voluntary fluid intake
2. In ecological dynamics, affordances refer to: → Action possibilities in the environment that are relevant to the performer's capabilities
3. If you want to increase your range of motion, what should you do first? → Transverse tubule
4. A joint's 'closed-packed position' is defined as the position of maximum: → Congruence, ligament tension, and stability
5. Among the tarsal bones, the one that is largest and strongest. → Calcaneus
6. Which type of cartilage is found on the articulating surfaces of synovial joints? → Hyaline (articular) cartilage
7. The Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model emphasizes that: → Each athlete has a unique optimal arousal zone for best performance
8. Which of the following muscles is closest to the sciatic nerve? → Piriformis
9. Albert Bandura's concept of self-efficacy refers to: → Confidence in one's ability to successfully perform a specific task
10. The Fick equation states that VO2 = cardiac output × which other variable? → Arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff)
11. These muscle groups work together effectively because they execute similar tasks. → Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major
12. The mechanical advantage of a lever system is calculated as: → Effort arm divided by resistance arm
13. Ron stumbled on a nail while looking for his shoes. The pain made him step back and fall. Which muscle tissue or tissues contributed to Ron's response? → skeletal
14. Proprioception refers to the sensory system that provides information about: → Body position, movement, and muscle tension from receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints
15. What is the primary energy system used during a 100-meter sprint? → ATP-PCr system
16. What is the strong, fibrous tissue band that binds the articular ends of bones together? → Ligament
17. Which gait variable is defined as the time elapsed between two consecutive heel strikes of the SAME foot? → Stride time
18. The concept of 'base of support' is critical to stability. Stability increases when: → Center of mass falls inside a wider base of support
19. The center of mass of the human body in anatomical position is located approximately: → Just anterior to the second sacral vertebra
20. Which term describes the maximum amount of oxygen the body can utilize during intense exercise? → VO2 max
21. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee primarily resists: → Anterior tibial translation relative to the femur and rotational forces
22. Which joint classification describes the hip joint? → Ball and socket (spheroidal)
23. What is the primary cause of the increase in core body temperature during exercise? → Metabolic heat production by contracting muscles
24. Which part of the brain is most associated with the timing, coordination, and error correction of skilled movements? → Cerebellum
25. Which muscle is used when flexing the little toe? → Flexor digiti minimi brevis
26. The term 'elastic strain energy' in tendon biomechanics refers to: → Energy stored in a stretched tendon that can be released upon recoil
27. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends beginning exercise with fluid intake at the rate of approximately how much per hour of exercise? → 400–800 mL/hr
28. Schema theory (Schmidt, 1975) proposes that motor programs are generalized and that specific movement parameters are determined by: → Recall schema (motor production) and recognition schema (sensory evaluation)
29. The lactate threshold is best described as the exercise intensity at which: → Blood lactate begins to accumulate faster than it is cleared
30. Which of the following best describes the function of the erector spinae muscle group? → Spinal extension, lateral flexion, and maintenance of upright posture