BHK Cheat Sheet 2026

The 30 highest-yield BHK facts, distilled from real exam questions. Print it, save it as a PDF, or study it here — free, no sign-up.

1. Sodium is the primary electrolyte lost in sweat and is important during prolonged exercise because it: → Helps maintain plasma osmolality and stimulates voluntary fluid intake
2. In ecological dynamics, affordances refer to: → Action possibilities in the environment that are relevant to the performer's capabilities
3. If you want to increase your range of motion, what should you do first? → Transverse tubule
4. Which of the following best describes muscular endurance as a fitness component? → The ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force repeatedly over time
5. During maximal aerobic exercise, cardiac output is most influenced by increases in: → Heart rate primarily, with stroke volume plateauing early
6. A joint's 'closed-packed position' is defined as the position of maximum: → Congruence, ligament tension, and stability
7. The 'overtraining syndrome' is most commonly associated with what measurable physiological marker? → Elevated resting heart rate
8. Among the tarsal bones, the one that is largest and strongest. → Calcaneus
9. Which type of cartilage is found on the articulating surfaces of synovial joints? → Hyaline (articular) cartilage
10. The Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model emphasizes that: → Each athlete has a unique optimal arousal zone for best performance
11. Which of the following muscles is closest to the sciatic nerve? → Piriformis
12. Which reflex arc inhibits excessive muscle tension by sensing force in the tendon? → Inverse myotatic reflex (Ib inhibition via GTO)
13. The oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right (Bohr effect) in response to: → Increased temperature, CO₂, and decreased pH
14. In applied kinesiology practice, which outcome measure is MOST appropriate for assessing functional lower-extremity power in an elderly population? → 30-second chair stand test
15. Albert Bandura's concept of self-efficacy refers to: → Confidence in one's ability to successfully perform a specific task
16. The Fick equation states that VO2 = cardiac output × which other variable? → Arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff)
17. These muscle groups work together effectively because they execute similar tasks. → Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major
18. The term 'kinesiology' is derived from the Greek word 'kinesis,' meaning what? → Movement
19. Which assessment best measures an individual's anaerobic power? → Wingate anaerobic test
20. The mechanical advantage of a lever system is calculated as: → Effort arm divided by resistance arm
21. Ron stumbled on a nail while looking for his shoes. The pain made him step back and fall. Which muscle tissue or tissues contributed to Ron's response? → skeletal
22. The 'dead bug' exercise is primarily used to train which component of physical fitness? → Core stability and anti-extension
23. Proprioception refers to the sensory system that provides information about: → Body position, movement, and muscle tension from receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints
24. In the context of motor learning, the 'power law of practice' describes: → Rapid initial improvement followed by progressively smaller gains with continued practice
25. What is the primary energy system used during a 100-meter sprint? → ATP-PCr system
26. What is the strong, fibrous tissue band that binds the articular ends of bones together? → Ligament
27. Which gait variable is defined as the time elapsed between two consecutive heel strikes of the SAME foot? → Stride time
28. What term describes the involuntary, rhythmic tremor of a limb caused by rapid successive stretching of a muscle, often tested at the ankle? → Clonus
29. The concept of 'base of support' is critical to stability. Stability increases when: → Center of mass falls inside a wider base of support
30. The center of mass of the human body in anatomical position is located approximately: → Just anterior to the second sacral vertebra