Back Pain Back Pain Anatomy and Physiology 2

Question 1

Which spinal curve is a normal anterior (forward) curve found in the lumbar spine?

Accepted Answer

Lordosis

Answer

Lumbar lordosis is the normal anterior convex curvature of the lumbar spine.

Question 2

The erector spinae muscle group performs which primary action?

Accepted Answer

Spinal extension

Answer

The erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) extends the vertebral column and maintains upright posture.

Question 3

Which nerve roots form the sciatic nerve that can be compressed in lumbar disc herniation?

Accepted Answer

L4–S3

Answer

The sciatic nerve is formed by nerve roots L4 through S3, making these levels the most clinically relevant in sciatica.

Question 4

What is the term for the opening through which spinal nerve roots exit the vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

Intervertebral foramen

Answer

The intervertebral foramen is the lateral opening between adjacent vertebrae through which spinal nerves exit.

Question 5

Which spinal structure connects adjacent vertebral laminae and contains elastic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Ligamentum flavum

Answer

The ligamentum flavum connects adjacent laminae and has a high elastin content, helping to return the spine to neutral position.

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