APA Developmental Psychology 2

Question 1

What is 'temperament' in developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Biologically-based individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation

Answer

Temperament refers to innate, relatively stable individual differences in emotional reactivity, activity level, and self-regulation that appear early in life.

Question 2

During Piaget's preoperational stage, egocentrism is best demonstrated by:

Accepted Answer

Assuming others see the world from their own perspective

Answer

Preoperational egocentrism is the child's difficulty recognizing that others may have different perspectives, as shown in the classic three-mountain task.

Question 3

Which parenting style, identified by Baumrind, is associated with the best developmental outcomes in U.S. children?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Answer

Authoritative parenting — warm yet firm, with clear expectations and explanations — is associated with higher self-esteem, academic success, and social competence.

Question 4

What does 'scaffolding' mean in the context of Vygotsky's theory?

Accepted Answer

Temporary support provided by a more skilled person to help a learner succeed

Answer

Scaffolding is the adjustable support given by a teacher or peer that is gradually withdrawn as the learner becomes more competent.

Question 5

In Erikson's framework, the primary developmental challenge of adolescence is:

Accepted Answer

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Answer

Erikson's fifth stage, Identity vs. Role Confusion, occurs during adolescence, when individuals explore and commit to a coherent sense of self.

APA - American Psychological Association Practice Test

APA - American Psychological Association Practice Test

APA Developmental Psychology 2