Anatomy Exam Upper Gastrointestinal Tract 4

Question 1

Which structure guards the outlet of the stomach, regulating chyme entry into the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Pyloric sphincter

Answer

The pyloric sphincter is a thickening of circular smooth muscle at the gastroduodenal junction that controls the rate of gastric emptying.

Question 2

The left gastric vein (coronary vein) drains into which vessel?

Accepted Answer

Portal vein

Answer

The left gastric vein drains directly into the portal vein and is clinically important because it communicates with esophageal veins — a site of portosystemic anastomosis.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes the position of the stomach's cardia?

Accepted Answer

Left of the midline at T11

Answer

The cardia (gastroesophageal junction) lies to the left of the midline at the level of T11, just below the esophageal hiatus.

Question 4

Brunner's glands, which secrete alkaline mucus to protect against acid chyme, are located in which layer of the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Submucosa

Answer

Brunner's glands are submucosal glands found predominantly in the first and second parts of the duodenum, distinguishing it histologically from the jejunum.

Question 5

The celiac trunk arises from the abdominal aorta at which vertebral level?

Accepted Answer

L1

Answer

The celiac trunk arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta at the level of L1 and immediately branches into the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries.

Anatomy Exam Practice Test

Anatomy Exam Practice Test

Anatomy Exam Upper Gastrointestinal Tract 4