Anatomy Exam Respiratory System Anatomy 3

Question 1

The nasopharynx communicates with the middle ear through which structure?

Accepted Answer

Eustachian (auditory) tube

Answer

The Eustachian (auditory) tube connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear, allowing equalization of air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.

Question 2

What is the shape of the cartilaginous rings that support the trachea?

Accepted Answer

C-shaped (horseshoe) rings of hyaline cartilage

Answer

The trachea is supported by 16–20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage; the open posterior aspect is closed by the trachealis smooth muscle, allowing the esophagus to expand during swallowing.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes the left lung compared to the right lung?

Accepted Answer

Two lobes and a cardiac notch

Answer

The left lung has only two lobes (upper and lower) separated by an oblique fissure, and features a cardiac notch on its anteromedial surface created by the position of the heart.

Question 4

Type I alveolar cells (type I pneumocytes) cover approximately what percentage of the alveolar surface area?

Accepted Answer

95%

Answer

Despite being fewer in number than type II cells, type I pneumocytes cover approximately 95% of the alveolar surface due to their extremely thin, flat morphology, which is ideal for gas diffusion.

Question 5

In an adult, the larynx is located at approximately which vertebral level?

Accepted Answer

C3–C6

Answer

In adults, the larynx spans approximately C3–C6, with the cricoid cartilage at approximately C6, though exact position varies with age and neck posture.

Anatomy Exam Practice Test

Anatomy Exam Practice Test

Anatomy Exam Respiratory System Anatomy 3