Anatomy Exam Anatomy of the Heart 4

Question 1

Which structure initiates the normal cardiac electrical impulse?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer

The SA node, located in the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava, is the natural pacemaker that initiates each heartbeat.

Question 2

What type of epithelium lines the inner surface (endocardium) of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)

Answer

The endocardium is lined by simple squamous epithelium called endothelium, which is continuous with the endothelium of blood vessels.

Question 3

The left border of the heart is formed primarily by which structure?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricle

Answer

The left (obtuse) border of the heart is formed mainly by the left ventricle, with a small contribution from the left auricle superiorly.

Question 4

Chordae tendineae connect papillary muscles to which structures?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular valve cusps

Answer

Chordae tendineae are tendon-like cords that connect papillary muscles to the cusps of the atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves, preventing valve prolapse.

Question 5

Which sinus of the pericardium lies behind the left atrium between the pulmonary veins?

Accepted Answer

Oblique sinus

Answer

The oblique sinus of the pericardium is a cul-de-sac posterior to the left atrium, bordered by the pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava reflections.

Anatomy Exam Practice Test

Anatomy Exam Practice Test

Anatomy Exam Anatomy of the Heart 4