Anatomy Exam Anatomy and Physiology 5

Question 1

Which type of epithelium lines the alveoli of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer

Simple squamous epithelium forms an extremely thin layer ideal for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across alveolar walls.

Question 2

Which structure in the brainstem controls respiratory rate?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

The medulla oblongata contains the respiratory centers (dorsal and ventral groups) that set the basic rhythm of breathing.

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Answer

Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, exerts the greatest oncotic pressure, pulling water back into capillaries.

Question 4

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Reduce surface tension in alveoli to prevent collapse

Answer

Surfactant, produced by type II alveolar cells, reduces surface tension so alveoli remain open at the end of expiration.

Question 5

Which section of the large intestine is most commonly affected in appendicitis?

Accepted Answer

Cecum

Answer

The appendix is a small projection from the cecum, so appendicitis involves inflammation in the cecal region.

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