AMC MCQ Renal and Endocrine Disorders 3

Question 1

A 22-year-old man presents with frank haematuria 1-2 days after an upper respiratory tract infection. What is the most likely glomerular diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

IgA nephropathy

Answer

Synpharyngitic haematuria occurring concurrently with a URTI is characteristic of IgA nephropathy.

Question 2

A 5-year-old presents with periorbital oedema, heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and a normal complement. What is the most likely cause of nephrotic syndrome in this child?

Accepted Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

Minimal change disease is the commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and is highly steroid-responsive.

Question 3

A 50-year-old woman with a thyroid nodule has a suppressed TSH and an increased radioactive iodine uptake confined to the nodule. What is this lesion most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Toxic adenoma

Answer

An autonomously functioning ('hot') nodule with increased focal uptake and suppressed TSH is a toxic adenoma and is almost always benign.

Question 4

A type 1 diabetic presents drowsy with a blood glucose of 28 mmol/L, ketonaemia and a pH of 7.18. What is the most important first step in management?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous isotonic fluid resuscitation

Answer

Fluid resuscitation is the priority in diabetic ketoacidosis before and alongside an insulin infusion.

Question 5

A patient with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis develops a potassium of 7.2 mmol/L with peaked T waves on ECG. What is the first agent to give for cardiac protection?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous calcium gluconate

Answer

Calcium gluconate stabilises the myocardium immediately, although it does not lower potassium.

AMC MCQ Practice Test

AMC MCQ Practice Test

AMC MCQ Renal and Endocrine Disorders 3