AMC MCQ Renal and Endocrine Disorders 3

Question 1

A 22-year-old man presents with frank haematuria 1-2 days after an upper respiratory tract infection. What is the most likely glomerular diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

IgA nephropathy

Answer

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

Goodpasture syndrome

Question 2

A 5-year-old presents with periorbital oedema, heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and a normal complement. What is the most likely cause of nephrotic syndrome in this child?

Accepted Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

Membranous nephropathy

Answer

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 3

A 50-year-old woman with a thyroid nodule has a suppressed TSH and an increased radioactive iodine uptake confined to the nodule. What is this lesion most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Toxic adenoma

Answer

Papillary carcinoma

Answer

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer

Multinodular goitre

Question 4

A type 1 diabetic presents drowsy with a blood glucose of 28 mmol/L, ketonaemia and a pH of 7.18. What is the most important first step in management?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous isotonic fluid resuscitation

Answer

Intravenous bicarbonate

Answer

Subcutaneous long-acting insulin

Answer

Oral rehydration

Question 5

A patient with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis develops a potassium of 7.2 mmol/L with peaked T waves on ECG. What is the first agent to give for cardiac protection?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous calcium gluconate

Answer

Intravenous insulin and dextrose

Answer

Nebulised salbutamol

Answer

Oral resonium

Question 6

A 38-year-old woman has fatigue, hyperpigmentation, hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia and postural hypotension. A short Synacthen test shows an inadequate cortisol rise. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Primary adrenal insufficiency

Answer

Secondary adrenal insufficiency

Answer

Phaeochromocytoma

Answer

Conn syndrome

Question 7

A 70-year-old man with longstanding hypertension has bilateral small kidneys on ultrasound and proteinuria. What is the most likely underlying renal pathology?

Accepted Answer

Hypertensive nephrosclerosis

Answer

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer

Acute pyelonephritis

Answer

Renal cell carcinoma