Adult-Gerontology CNS Test Advanced Pathophysiology 3

Question 1

The primary compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis is:

Accepted Answer

Hyperventilation to reduce CO2 (respiratory compensation)

Answer

The respiratory system compensates for metabolic acidosis by increasing ventilation, lowering PaCO2, and partially restoring pH toward normal.

Question 2

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in response to chronic hypertension is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Pressure-overload concentric hypertrophy

Answer

Chronic pressure overload from hypertension causes sarcomeres to replicate in parallel, increasing wall thickness (concentric hypertrophy) to normalize wall stress.

Question 3

Sarcopenia in older adults is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function with aging

Answer

Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome involving loss of muscle mass and function, driven by reduced anabolic hormones, physical inactivity, and chronic inflammation.

Question 4

Hypothyroidism affects the cardiovascular system primarily by causing:

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate, reduced cardiac output, and diastolic dysfunction

Answer

Thyroid hormone normally stimulates cardiac contractility and rate; its deficiency causes bradycardia, reduced cardiac output, and impaired myocardial relaxation.

Question 5

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) primarily results from:

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerotic plaque causing progressive stenosis of peripheral arteries

Answer

PAD is caused by atherosclerosis in non-coronary arteries, most commonly the lower extremities, reducing blood flow and causing ischemic symptoms.

Adult-Gerontology CNS Test Practice Test

Adult-Gerontology CNS Test Practice Test

Adult-Gerontology CNS Test Advanced Pathophysiology 3