Adult-Gerontology CNS Test Evidence-Based Practice and Research

Question 1

What represents the highest level of evidence in the evidence hierarchy for clinical practice decisions?

Accepted Answer

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs

Answer

Expert opinion

Answer

Single randomized controlled trial

Answer

Prospective cohort study

Question 2

Which statistical measure best conveys the clinical significance of a treatment effect in practice?

Accepted Answer

Number needed to treat (NNT)

Answer

P-value

Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Relative risk

Question 3

A CNS wants to implement a practice change based on new evidence. Which model is most commonly used for EBP implementation in hospital settings?

Accepted Answer

Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice

Answer

Donabedian Model

Answer

Roy Adaptation Model

Answer

Orem's Self-Care Model

Question 4

Which research design is best for determining causality between an intervention and a patient outcome?

Accepted Answer

Randomized controlled trial

Answer

Case-control study

Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Qualitative phenomenological study

Question 5

A CNS critically appraises a study reporting p = 0.03. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

There is a 3% probability the result occurred by chance

Answer

The treatment works in 3% of patients

Answer

The study had a 3% measurement error rate

Answer

The effect size is 0.03

Question 6

Which quality improvement tool is used to visually identify root causes of a clinical problem?

Accepted Answer

Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram

Answer

PDSA cycle

Answer

SWOT analysis

Answer

Lean process map