ADEX Management of Medical Emergencies 4

Question 1

Which of the following is the MOST common medical emergency encountered in the dental office?

Accepted Answer

Vasovagal syncope

Answer

Vasovagal syncope (fainting) is the most frequently encountered medical emergency in dental settings, often triggered by anxiety, pain, or the sight of blood.

Question 2

A conscious patient reports crushing substernal chest pain radiating to the left arm. The dental hygienist suspects myocardial infarction. Which medication should be given while awaiting EMS?

Accepted Answer

Aspirin 325 mg chewed plus nitroglycerin if not already taken

Answer

Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and reduces infarct size; it is given along with nitroglycerin (if the patient has not already taken their dose) while awaiting EMS.

Question 3

During local anesthetic injection, a patient suddenly becomes pale, diaphoretic, and loses consciousness for 30 seconds then recovers. What most likely occurred?

Accepted Answer

Vasovagal syncope

Answer

A brief loss of consciousness following an injection, preceded by pallor and diaphoresis, is classic vasovagal syncope caused by anxiety and pain-induced vagal response.

Question 4

At what depth should chest compressions be performed on an adult patient during CPR according to current AHA guidelines?

Accepted Answer

At least 2 inches (5 cm), not exceeding 2.4 inches (6 cm)

Answer

AHA guidelines specify chest compressions of at least 2 inches (5 cm) but no more than 2.4 inches (6 cm) to optimize cardiac output without causing injury.

Question 5

A patient on a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) inadvertently receives a high dose of local anesthetic. Which sign most specifically indicates local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)?

Accepted Answer

Perioral numbness followed by seizures and cardiovascular collapse

Answer

LAST classically presents with CNS excitation (perioral numbness, tinnitus, seizures) followed by CNS and cardiovascular depression, especially in patients on TCAs which lower seizure threshold.

ADEX - Dental Hygiene Exam Practice Test

ADEX - Dental Hygiene Exam Practice Test

ADEX Management of Medical Emergencies 4