A pharmaceutical company conducted a randomized controlled trial in which participants who took daily Vitamin D supplements reported 30% fewer colds over six months compared to the placebo group. What is the probability of the following inference: Vitamin D supplementation reduces the frequency of colds.
-
A
The inference is definitely true — the trial data conclusively proves that Vitamin D prevents colds
-
B
The inference is probably true — the controlled trial provides strong but not absolute evidence of a causal link
-
C
The inference is probably false — a correlation observed in a trial does not suggest any real-world effect
-
D
The inference is definitely false — vitamin supplements have no proven effect on viral infections