Vision and Ophthalmology Pediatric Ophthalmology 3

Question 1

What is the first-line treatment for unilateral amblyopia?

Accepted Answer

Patching (occlusion therapy) of the fellow (stronger) eye

Answer

Patching the non-amblyopic eye forces the brain to use and strengthen the amblyopic eye, and is the primary treatment for unilateral amblyopia.

Question 2

What is accommodative esotropia?

Accepted Answer

Inward eye deviation triggered by accommodation, typically associated with hyperopia

Answer

Accommodative esotropia occurs in hyperopic children whose excessive accommodative effort triggers convergence, causing inward deviation of the eyes.

Question 3

The Bruckner (red reflex) test compares what between the two eyes?

Accepted Answer

Simultaneous red reflexes to detect asymmetry suggesting amblyogenic conditions

Answer

The Bruckner test examines both red reflexes simultaneously; asymmetry in brightness or color can indicate cataract, strabismus, or anisometropia.

Question 4

Which vitamin deficiency leads to xerophthalmia and night blindness in children?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia (dry eye progressing to corneal ulceration) and night blindness because retinal is a component of rod photoreceptor pigment.

Question 5

Epiphora (tearing) in infants is most commonly caused by:

Accepted Answer

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Answer

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the most common cause of epiphora in infants, resulting in tear overflow due to incomplete opening of the duct.

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Pediatric Ophthalmology 3