Vision and Ophthalmology Common Eye Diseases and Disorders 3

Question 1

Which cell type is primarily damaged in primary open-angle glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Retinal ganglion cells

Answer

Primary open-angle glaucoma results in progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons (optic nerve fibers), leading to characteristic optic nerve cupping.

Question 2

Optic neuritis presenting in a young adult is most strongly associated with which systemic disease?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Optic neuritis, especially retrobulbar neuritis with pain on eye movement, is a common demyelinating event and may be the first presentation of multiple sclerosis.

Question 3

Corneal dendrites with terminal bulbs on fluorescein staining are diagnostic of:

Accepted Answer

Herpes simplex keratitis

Answer

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis produces branching dendritic epithelial ulcers with terminal bulbs that stain with fluorescein and rose bengal.

Question 4

Which condition is characterized by bilateral, symmetric deposition of cholesterol in the corneal stroma without limbal involvement?

Accepted Answer

Corneal arcus (arcus senilis)

Answer

Corneal arcus (arcus senilis) appears as a gray-white peripheral corneal ring of lipid deposits, separated from the limbus by a clear zone.

Question 5

A patient with Marfan syndrome most commonly has lens subluxation in which direction?

Accepted Answer

Superior and temporal

Answer

In Marfan syndrome, lens subluxation (ectopia lentis) typically occurs in the superior and temporal direction due to fibrillin-1 defects in the zonular fibers.

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Common Eye Diseases and Disorders 3