UExcel Anatomy and Physiology 2

Question 1

Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by being involuntary and striated?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated, distinguishing it from skeletal (voluntary, striated) and smooth (involuntary, non-striated) muscle.

Question 2

Which bone marking is a rounded projection that articulates with another bone to form a joint?

Accepted Answer

Condyle

Answer

A condyle is a rounded articular projection on a bone that forms part of a synovial joint.

Question 3

The process by which a cell engulfs a large particle by wrapping its membrane around it is called:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Phagocytosis ('cell eating') is the process by which cells engulf large solid particles such as bacteria or debris.

Question 4

Which layer of the skin contains the melanocytes responsible for skin pigmentation?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Answer

Melanocytes reside in the stratum basale (deepest epidermal layer) and produce the pigment melanin.

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is primarily released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Acetylcholine is released by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction, binding to nicotinic receptors on the muscle fiber.

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