UExcel Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by being involuntary and striated?
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle (Correct answer)
- Connective tissue
Correct answer: Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated, distinguishing it from skeletal (voluntary, striated) and smooth (involuntary, non-striated) muscle.
Question 2: Which bone marking is a rounded projection that articulates with another bone to form a joint?
- Fossa
- Condyle (Correct answer)
- Foramen
- Crest
Correct answer: Condyle
A condyle is a rounded articular projection on a bone that forms part of a synovial joint.
Question 3: The process by which a cell engulfs a large particle by wrapping its membrane around it is called:
- Pinocytosis
- Exocytosis
- Phagocytosis (Correct answer)
- Osmosis
Correct answer: Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis ('cell eating') is the process by which cells engulf large solid particles such as bacteria or debris.
Question 4: Which layer of the skin contains the melanocytes responsible for skin pigmentation?
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum basale (Correct answer)
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum granulosum
Correct answer: Stratum basale
Melanocytes reside in the stratum basale (deepest epidermal layer) and produce the pigment melanin.
Question 5: Which neurotransmitter is primarily released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger skeletal muscle contraction?
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
- Norepinephrine
- Acetylcholine (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine is released by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction, binding to nicotinic receptors on the muscle fiber.
Question 6: Which part of a long bone contains the epiphyseal plate in growing children?
- Diaphysis
- Articular cartilage
- Epiphysis (Correct answer)
- Periosteum
Correct answer: Epiphysis
The epiphyseal (growth) plate is located within the epiphysis, the expanded end of a long bone.
Question 7: The fluid-filled space between the visceral and parietal layers of a serous membrane is called the:
- Mediastinum
- Serous cavity (Correct answer)
- Lumen
- Interstitial space
Correct answer: Serous cavity
The serous cavity (e.g., pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal cavity) contains serous fluid that reduces friction between membrane layers.
UExcel Anatomy and Physiology 2
Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by being involuntary and striated?