SMS Neurological and Medical Conditions 2

Question 1

A teenager with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) transitions to full-time wheelchair use. Which postural complication is MOST commonly observed?

Accepted Answer

Progressive thoracic scoliosis with pelvic obliquity due to trunk muscle weakness

Answer

Loss of ambulation in DMD removes the spine-straightening effect of weight-bearing, and progressive trunk muscle weakness leads to scoliosis with pelvic obliquity.

Question 2

A child with myelomeningocele at the L4 level would MOST likely have which functional lower extremity ability?

Accepted Answer

Knee extension via intact quadriceps with potential for AFO-assisted ambulation

Answer

The L4 myotome includes tibialis anterior and quadriceps; preservation of these muscles allows knee extension and potential for household or limited community ambulation with AFOs.

Question 3

Which seated posture is MOST characteristic of a client with Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Posterior pelvic tilt with thoracic kyphosis and forward head position

Answer

Rigidity and bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease produce a characteristic flexed, stooped posture manifesting as posterior pelvic tilt, thoracic kyphosis, and forward head when seated.

Question 4

Following a left CVA resulting in right hemiplegia, which seating intervention is MOST critical for the affected upper extremity?

Accepted Answer

Lap tray or arm trough to prevent shoulder subluxation and dependent edema

Answer

Flaccid hemiplegia leaves the shoulder unsupported, making subluxation and dependent edema major risks; a lap tray or arm trough provides essential support for the affected extremity.

Question 5

A client with hereditary spastic paraplegia demonstrates a scissoring lower extremity pattern in sitting. Which seating intervention MOST directly addresses this pattern?

Accepted Answer

Hip abduction positioning component to counteract the adductor tone

Answer

Hereditary spastic paraplegia produces symmetric hip adductor spasticity causing scissoring; a hip abduction component mechanically counteracts this pattern to maintain proper pelvic and lower extremity alignment.

SMS - Certified Seating and Mobility Specialist Practice Test

SMS - Certified Seating and Mobility Specialist Practice Test

SMS Neurological and Medical Conditions 2