SMS Neurological and Medical Conditions 2

Question 1

A teenager with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) transitions to full-time wheelchair use. Which postural complication is MOST commonly observed?

Accepted Answer

Progressive thoracic scoliosis with pelvic obliquity due to trunk muscle weakness

Answer

Excessive lumbar lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt

Answer

Hip extension contractures limiting seating tolerance

Answer

Cervical kyphosis and forward head posture

Question 2

A child with myelomeningocele at the L4 level would MOST likely have which functional lower extremity ability?

Accepted Answer

Knee extension via intact quadriceps with potential for AFO-assisted ambulation

Answer

No lower extremity movement; complete flaccid paralysis

Answer

Hip flexion only with no distal control

Answer

Full lower extremity strength and normal gait

Question 3

Which seated posture is MOST characteristic of a client with Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Posterior pelvic tilt with thoracic kyphosis and forward head position

Answer

Anterior pelvic tilt with exaggerated lumbar lordosis

Answer

Lateral trunk lean with fixed scoliosis

Answer

Neutral pelvic alignment with flat thoracic spine

Question 4

Following a left CVA resulting in right hemiplegia, which seating intervention is MOST critical for the affected upper extremity?

Accepted Answer

Lap tray or arm trough to prevent shoulder subluxation and dependent edema

Answer

Elevating leg rests to reduce lower extremity edema

Answer

High back support to manage lateral trunk lean

Answer

Anti-tip devices for wheelchair safety

Question 5

A client with hereditary spastic paraplegia demonstrates a scissoring lower extremity pattern in sitting. Which seating intervention MOST directly addresses this pattern?

Accepted Answer

Hip abduction positioning component to counteract the adductor tone

Answer

Padded lateral trunk supports

Answer

Anterior chest strap for trunk stability

Answer

Reclined backrest angle to reduce hip flexion

Question 6

A client with incomplete SCI (ASIA C classification) has preserved but weak lower extremity motor function. What should guide equipment selection?

Accepted Answer

Select equipment that supports current function while remaining adaptable to potential changes in functional status

Answer

Prescribe the most durable power wheelchair to ensure long-term use

Answer

Focus exclusively on pressure relief and ignore propulsion options

Answer

Provide a standard manual wheelchair without modifications

Question 7

Heterotopic ossification (HO) following spinal cord injury MOST commonly develops at which anatomical location?

Accepted Answer

Hips and knees

Answer

Shoulder and elbow joints

Answer

Wrist and hand joints

Answer

Ankles and feet