RPN Care of Chronic Illness 4

Question 1

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) asks why they should avoid sunlight. The nurse's best response is:

Accepted Answer

Sunlight causes photosensitivity and can trigger disease flares

Answer

UV radiation triggers photosensitivity reactions and can precipitate SLE flares.

Question 2

A patient with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis reports feeling itchy all over. This is most likely caused by:

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of phosphorus and uremic toxins

Answer

Uremic pruritus is caused by buildup of phosphorus and uremic toxins in patients with inadequate renal clearance.

Question 3

A patient with Crohn's disease is experiencing a flare. Which dietary approach is typically recommended during active disease?

Accepted Answer

Low-residue diet with small, frequent meals

Answer

A low-residue diet reduces bowel irritation and the frequency of stool during active Crohn's flares.

Question 4

A patient with heart failure has a weight gain of 3 pounds overnight. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

Accepted Answer

Notify the physician and review fluid intake

Answer

Rapid weight gain of 2-3 pounds overnight indicates fluid retention requiring prompt provider notification.

Question 5

A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which instruction has the greatest impact on blood pressure reduction?

Accepted Answer

Follow the DASH diet emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy

Answer

The DASH diet consistently shows significant blood pressure reduction and is a cornerstone of hypertension lifestyle management.

RPN - Registered Practical Nurse Practice Test