Project Practice Test: Video 1 Answers (24 Questions) — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A project's EAC using the formula EAC = AC + (BAC - EV) / CPI assumes:
- The project will use the SPI to recover schedule
- Future work will be performed at the budgeted rate
- Future work will continue at the current CPI (Correct answer)
- The remaining budget is fixed at BAC - AC
Correct answer: Future work will continue at the current CPI
EAC = AC + (BAC - EV) / CPI assumes the current cost efficiency (CPI) will persist for all remaining work.
Question 2: What does revenue less expense mean?
- Profit (Correct answer)
- Reserves
- Indirect Costs
- Profit Margin
Correct answer: Profit
Profit is a fundamental financial concept calculated as the total revenue earned minus the total expenses incurred over a specific period. It represents the financial gain or loss of a business or project. This metric is crucial for assessing financial performance and viability.
Question 3: A project manager applies earned value analysis and finds Cost Variance (CV) = +$15,000. This means:
- The project is $15,000 under budget (Correct answer)
- The project schedule is ahead by $15,000 worth of work
- The project has earned $15,000 more than planned
- The project is $15,000 over budget
Correct answer: The project is $15,000 under budget
CV = EV - AC; a positive CV means earned value exceeds actual cost, so the project is under budget.
Question 4: Life cycle costing considers:
- The NPV of all project deliverables
- Only the costs incurred during project execution
- Total cost of ownership including operation and maintenance (Correct answer)
- The cost of all project phases from initiating to closing
Correct answer: Total cost of ownership including operation and maintenance
Life cycle costing evaluates the total cost of ownership over the product's entire life, including acquisition, operations, and disposal.
Question 5: What are the terms of the expenses or advantages that may be quickly calculated in dollars?
- Schedule Variance
- Management Reserves
- Indirect Costs
- Tangible Costs (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Tangible Costs
Tangible costs (or benefits) are those expenses or advantages that can be easily quantified and measured in monetary terms. These are direct, measurable financial values that have a clear impact on the project's budget or financial outcome. They are straightforward to include in cost estimates and financial analyses, providing concrete data for decision-making.
Question 6: According to the PMBOK Guide, which conflict resolution technique is considered the most effective for achieving a lasting resolution?
- Smoothing/Accommodating
- Compromise/Reconcile
- Collaborate/Problem Solve (Correct answer)
- Forcing/Directing
Correct answer: Collaborate/Problem Solve
Collaborating/Problem Solving brings all parties together to examine multiple viewpoints and reach a mutually acceptable solution, producing the most durable and satisfactory outcome.
Question 7: In a RACI matrix, what does the letter 'A' represent?
- Authorized
- Available
- Accountable (Correct answer)
- Assigned
Correct answer: Accountable
In a RACI matrix, 'A' stands for Accountable — the single person who is ultimately answerable for the correct completion of the task.
Question 8: According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which of the following is classified as a motivator rather than a hygiene factor?
- Competitive salary
- Job security
- Recognition and achievement (Correct answer)
- Safe working conditions
Correct answer: Recognition and achievement
Herzberg identified motivators — such as achievement, recognition, and responsibility — as factors that actively drive job satisfaction, while hygiene factors only prevent dissatisfaction.
Question 9: Which document serves as the overall guide describing how project resources will be acquired, allocated, managed, and released throughout the project?
- Resource Breakdown Structure
- Staffing Management Plan
- Resource Management Plan (Correct answer)
- RACI Matrix
Correct answer: Resource Management Plan
The Resource Management Plan is the primary document that describes how all project resources will be acquired, allocated, managed, and eventually released.
Question 10: In which industry was the Critical Path Method (CPM) originally developed in the late 1950s?
- Healthcare and pharmaceuticals
- Aerospace and defense
- Construction and chemical manufacturing (Correct answer)
- Information technology
Correct answer: Construction and chemical manufacturing
CPM was developed jointly by DuPont and Remington Rand in 1957 for managing chemical plant maintenance and construction projects.
Question 11: A project activity has ES=5, EF=12, LS=8, LF=15. What is the activity's total float and duration?
- Float=7, Duration=7
- Float=3, Duration=3
- Float=7, Duration=3
- Float=3, Duration=7 (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Float=3, Duration=7
Duration = EF - ES = 12 - 5 = 7 days; Total Float = LS - ES = 8 - 5 = 3 days (or LF - EF = 15 - 12 = 3 days).
Question 12: A project manager notices that two activities on the critical path have a Finish-to-Start lag of +2 days. How does this lag affect the project?
- It reduces the project duration by 2 days
- It adds 2 days to the project duration (Correct answer)
- It has no effect since both activities are already critical
- It creates a parallel path opportunity
Correct answer: It adds 2 days to the project duration
A positive lag on the critical path extends the overall project duration because it mandates a waiting period between the predecessor's finish and the successor's start.
Question 13: If the project completion date is moved earlier by management, what is the effect on the critical path?
- The critical path disappears
- Non-critical activities may gain positive float
- The critical path always shortens automatically
- Some previously non-critical activities may become critical (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Some previously non-critical activities may become critical
Compressing the required end date reduces total float across the network, potentially making previously non-critical paths critical.
Question 14: What scheduling constraint creates a 'Start-to-Finish' (SF) dependency between two activities?
- Activity A and B must start simultaneously
- Activity B cannot finish until Activity A starts (Correct answer)
- Activity B cannot start until Activity A finishes
- Activity A cannot start until Activity B finishes
Correct answer: Activity B cannot finish until Activity A starts
In a Start-to-Finish dependency, the successor (B) cannot finish until the predecessor (A) has started — the rarest of the four dependency types.
Question 15: Which quality management tool uses a visual representation to show the relationship between an effect and its potential causes?
- Pareto chart
- Fishbone diagram (Correct answer)
- Control chart
- Scatter diagram
Correct answer: Fishbone diagram
The fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram visually maps potential causes of a problem to identify root causes.
Question 16: The project deliverables' quality is the responsibility of which of the following?
- Customers
- The project team (Correct answer)
- Stakeholders
- The project champion
Correct answer: The project team
The project team is directly responsible for performing the work that creates the project deliverables. Therefore, they are accountable for ensuring that the quality of these deliverables meets the defined project standards and requirements. While stakeholders and customers define quality expectations, and the project champion provides support, the team executes the tasks and implements quality measures.
Question 17: A project team is analyzing defect data and groups defects into categories to find the most frequent type. Which tool are they using?
- Scatter diagram
- Affinity diagram
- Histogram (Correct answer)
- Control chart
Correct answer: Histogram
A histogram displays the frequency distribution of defects or data points across categories to identify the most common issues.
Question 18: Which term describes the acceptable range of variation specified in quality requirements?
- Tolerance threshold
- Sigma level
- Specification limit (Correct answer)
- Control limit
Correct answer: Specification limit
Specification limits define the customer-required boundaries for acceptable product or process performance.
Question 19: In Six Sigma, what does 'DMAIC' stand for?
- Design, Monitor, Audit, Implement, Close
- Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (Correct answer)
- Define, Manage, Assess, Integrate, Control
- Determine, Measure, Analyze, Inspect, Complete
Correct answer: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
DMAIC is the Six Sigma improvement cycle: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control.
Question 20: Which EVM metric would a project manager use to predict the total cost at project completion if current cost performance continues?
- EAC = BAC / CPI (Correct answer)
- EAC = AC + ETC
- EAC = EV + BAC
- EAC = AC + BAC - EV
Correct answer: EAC = BAC / CPI
EAC = BAC / CPI is used when current cost performance is expected to continue for the remainder of the project.
Question 21: What does a negative Schedule Variance (SV) tell a project manager?
- The project scope has increased
- The project will finish early
- The project has spent more than budgeted
- The project has accomplished less work than planned (Correct answer)
Correct answer: The project has accomplished less work than planned
SV = EV - PV; a negative SV means EV < PV, so less work has been accomplished than was planned for this point in time.
Question 22: A work package has a BAC of $10,000, is 50% complete by EV, and has spent $6,000. What is the Cost Variance (CV)?
- -$1,000 (Correct answer)
- +$1,000
- -$4,000
- +$4,000
Correct answer: -$1,000
EV = 50% × $10,000 = $5,000; CV = EV - AC = $5,000 - $6,000 = -$1,000, indicating a cost overrun.
Question 23: A project manager observes CPI = 0.75 and SPI = 0.85. What is the most accurate conclusion?
- The project is under budget and ahead of schedule
- The project is under budget but behind schedule
- The project is over budget but ahead of schedule
- The project is both over budget and behind schedule (Correct answer)
Correct answer: The project is both over budget and behind schedule
CPI < 1 means over budget and SPI < 1 means behind schedule, so both performance dimensions are unfavorable.
Question 24: A project uses the 50/50 rule for earned value. A $20,000 task has just started. How much EV is credited?
- $5,000
- $20,000
- $0
- $10,000 (Correct answer)
Correct answer: $10,000
The 50/50 rule credits 50% of the budget when work starts and the remaining 50% when work is complete, so $10,000 is credited at start.
A project's EAC using the formula EAC = AC + (BAC - EV) / CPI assumes:
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